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Ending the Foster Care to Dropout Pipeline

By Aziah Siid, Word in Black 

It’s been 20 years since “The Bernie Mac Show” televised what many of us know all too well: what it’s like to step up to take care of the children of family members.

It’s called “kinship” care — and in the show, Bernie takes custody of his drug-addicted sister’s three children, which puts him firmly in the crosshairs of the child welfare system.

As we see in the show’s first season, using less-than-kid-friendly language while complaining about a high phone bill lands Bernie in hot water. He gets called to his niece Bryana’s school because Bryana repeats Bernie’s words, and then a social worker, Brad Cooley, gets sent to his home.

“You seem hostile to her,” Cooley tells Bernie about the teacher’s perspective. Bernie is understandably confused because he loves the children and would do anything for them.

My whole goal is to reshape the narrative about Black parents and their level of concern for their children.”

BAHIA OVERTON, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF BLACK PARENT INITIATIVE

The white teacher and social worker he’s interacting with don’t understand the nuances of Black parenting (or comedy), and Bernie realizes he needs to watch what he says before the kids get taken away and put in foster care.

Changing a Narrative

More than half of all Black children in the United States will experience a child-welfare investigation by age 18. That’s 53% experiencing the benevolent terror of a system that’s known as being steeped in structural racism.

“My whole goal is to reshape the narrative about Black parents and their level of concern for their children — the level of engagement they’ll have if they get an opportunity,” says Bahia Overton, the executive director of the Portland, Oregon-based Black Parent Initiative.

This doesn’t mean abuse doesn’t happen in Black families — for example, 17% of investigations involve allegations of sexual or physical abuse. But what study after study has found is that caseworkers pathologize and criminalize Black families. The effects of poverty — like a lack of adequate housing or clothing — become a reason to separate Black children from their families. As a result, some kids spend their entire youth in the system until they age out as adults.

“Black foster youth are caught in a nexus of incarceration.”

KENYON LEE WHITMAN AND BRIANNA M. HARVEY, 2020 UCLA BLACK MEN INSTITUTE

Black children are also removed from their homes at higher rates than white children, and as a 2021 report from the federal Child Welfare Information Gateway noted, “racial disparities occur at nearly every major decision-making point along the child welfare continuum.”

That’s why Overton’s dedicated to addressing the inequitable racial factors that disproportionately impact Black families and lead to Black children ending up in the foster care system. She works to teach parents and caregivers “new ways to discipline, new ways to encourage, new ways to advocate.”

Through BPI’s Sacred Roots Doula, Sacred Roots Lactation, and Sawubona programs, parents are given direct help starting before their child is born — assistance that encourages building strong partnerships and families.

“Child development, brain development, environmental factors, and preschool readiness is really what they focus on,” Overton explains, so the involvement of social workers and child protective services isn’t ever required.

The Consequences of Pathologizing Black Children and Families 

As Dorothy Roberts, a professor of law, sociology, and civil rights at the University of Pennsylvania, told Time last year, there’s “just an astounding amount of state intervention into the homes of Black children.”

The negative educational impacts of this are staggering. “They’re more likely not to go to college after experiencing foster care, more likely to go to prison,” Roberts said.

If the foundation is something rotten, you can’t keep building on that foundation and trying to be the interior decorator on the walls.”

BAHIA OVERTON

It’s no wonder that Kenyon Lee Whitman and Brianna M. Harvey, the authors of a 2020 study by the UCLA Black Men Institute, wrote that “Black foster youth are caught in a nexus of incarceration.”

They found that Black children in Los Angeles County are suspended at a rate of 17% compared to the overall county rate of 3%. They also “have the highest representation in special education placement at 37%, as well as the largest chronic absenteeism rate at 34%.”

The result? Only 51% of Black foster students graduated from high school on time.

A “Kin-First” Solution

Statistics like these are why Dr. Valerie D. Jackson, founder, and CEO of Monarch Family Services, a “kin first” child-placing agency based in Houston, presents families with recommendations and guidelines to allow children to remain or return to their homes safely.

Jackson was first exposed to children in the welfare system 24 years ago. “I always knew about CPS, but I didn’t know about the world of children living in facilities,” she tells Word in Black. “All these children were intense level of care. A lot of suicidal ideation, homicidal tendencies, and whatnot. These children had been system-involved for four years or more.”

After witnessing firsthand the long-term placement of children in facilities intended to house displaced children, Jackson started the agency in 2013 simply because she wanted more children to be adopted.

“Organically, it became a kinship agency because the first set of families that came to me for adoption purposes were relatives, specifically grandmothers,” Jackson says. “In Houston, I started being known as the grandparent agency.”

Statistics, data, and research support kinship care as the best option for family connection, cultural practices, traditions, and access to biological parents.

I have joy in reshaping the narrative and telling the truth when there’s a bed full of lies about who’s best for our children.”

BAHIA OVERTON

Part of that research shows PTSD symptoms are at least two times higher in children who’ve experienced the child welfare system than in a war veteran who may have regularly seen violence and death.

Through Monarch, families receive assistance in receiving state and federal help, such as temporary financial assistance, psychological services, and, most importantly, family preservation tools meant to allow children to remain or return to the care of their families.

“We try to ensure they’re connected to all those resources, so food stamps, TANF, and Medicaid,” Jackson says.

Despite traumatic events that occur before, during, and after the child removal process, there’s often no emotional or psychological support given to families by the child welfare system. At Monarch, Jackson says licensed, experienced workers address those challenges head-on.

“They need psychological services, which most of them do. We offer them that,” Jackson says. “If they need guardianship papers — a lot of these children are just dropped off to the relatives and don’t hear from parents — we do have a partner agency called the Foster Care Advocacy Center that completes all of our guardianship needs for free.”

Through providing resources, and support, and fostering close-knit relationships, both Jackson and Overton are addressing the inequities in the system and the need to build and keep strong family units.

Although kinship care is nowhere near replacing child removal and foster services as we know them, organizations dedicated to providing families with the necessities for success from the beginning are a committed start toward a more effective system for Black students.

“If the foundation is something rotten, you can’t keep building on that foundation and trying to be the interior decorator on the walls,” Overton says. “I have joy in reshaping the narrative and telling the truth when there’s a bed full of lies about who’s best for our children.”


Nigeria Opposition Renews Calls to Overturn Election Result

ABUJA, Nigeria (AP) — Nigeria’s opposition renewed calls for the election result to be overturned on Thursday, a day after the country announced its new president-elect,

“We won the election and we will prove it to Nigerians,” third-place Labour Party candidate Peter Obi said at a news conference in the capital.

He said that the election would be remembered as one of the most controversial in Nigeria’s history and that it was marred by irregularities.

At least four other parties are joining him in challenging the results. They have three weeks from the day the final tally was announced to appeal.

But an election can be invalidated only if it’s proven that the national electoral body largely didn’t follow the law and acted in ways that could have changed the result. None of Nigeria’s presidential election results has ever been overturned by the country’s Supreme Court.

The opposition said the delay in uploading results from the country’s 177,000 polling stations to the electoral body’s portal could have made room for vote tampering. They said there was also voter intimidation and cases where people were barred from voting at all.

While there were inconsistencies in the results in Rivers and Imo states between the information gathered by observers on the ground and the results announced by the electoral body, it wasn’t enough to impact the election’s final outcome, said YIAGA Africa, Nigeria’s largest election observer group. Still, the issues spotted could just be the tip of the iceberg, it said.

President-elect Bola Tinubu of the ruling party received 37% of the vote in last weekend’s election and will be Nigeria’s first president to take office with less than 50%, analysts say. The main opposition candidate, Atiku Abubakar, won 29% of the vote, while third-place finisher Obi got 25%, according to official results.

Tinubu, 70, faces a divided nation and many younger Nigerians doubt his ability to improve economic opportunities for all, let alone reduce violence and corruption, in a country that is one of the world’s leading suppliers of oil.

While the opposition cried foul Thursday, Nigerians were uncharacteristically indifferent. Unlike after previous elections where people took the streets to celebrate or protest, the streets in the capital, Abuja, were largely empty as daily life continued. Tinubu’s supporters believe he won fairly and will be sworn in as president on May 29.

“We have voted for him and he has been sworn in. It is now his turn to help us and see the way Nigeria is suffering,” said Gbemisola Olabogun, a water seller in Lagos city. “He should please look into everything and make life easy for us all.”

Still, opposition supporters are holding out hope that the vote will be overturned.

“As far as I am concerned, Obi is my president,” said Chima Ekwueme a Labour Party supporter. “We will be here when he is declared winner,” he said.

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Dan Ikpoyi in Lagos, and Sam Mednick in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, contributed to this report.


Obama Praises Woman Behind ‘Fired Up’ Chant as She Retires

By MEG KINNARD, Associated Press

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — Former President Barack Obama, marking the retirement of the woman credited with popularizing the chant “Fired up, ready to go!” that epitomized his campaigns, says her energy played a key role in lifting his spirits and his candidacy.

“It was early in my campaign, and I wasn’t doing that good,” Obama recalled in a video provided to The Associated Press by the Obama Foundation, harking back to a 2007 campaign stop in Greenwood, South Carolina, on a dreary, rainy day.

But the small crowd, Obama said, was transformed as Edith Childs led them in the rousing, back-and-forth chant, “Fired up, ready to go!”

“Leadership and power and inspiration can come from anywhere,” Obama said in the video to mark Childs’ retirement after 24 years on the Greenwood County Council. “It just has to do with spirit, and nobody embodied that better than Edith.”

“Fired up, ready to go!” swiftly became part of the Obama campaign’s ethos, manifested in T-shirts, signs and bumper stickers.

This week, Childs told the AP that she had come to know the “fired up” verbiage from its use decades ago, the words energizing participants during NAACP voter registration drives.

“Once we sang that song, it reminded us that, no matter what, we have to remain fired up and ready to go, and be prepared for whatever confronts you,” she said.

Childs attended several events with the Obama family at the White House during his presidential tenure, led delegates in the chant during the 2012 Democratic National Convention and sat with first lady Michelle Obama at her husband’s final State of the Union address in 2016.

In the years since, the chant has become ingrained in South Carolina’s Democratic political scene. Politicians, including state Sen. Marlon Kimpson, regularly use it to amp up crowds at rallies across the state.

In 2020, it was adopted by billionaire businessman Tom Steyer, who ran a TV ad in South Carolina and other early-voting states featuring Childs’ endorsement of his presidential campaign.

Looking ahead to the 2024 presidential campaign — and South Carolina’s new first-in-the-nation Democratic primary — Childs said she was open to connect with candidates who might seek her support, although she said she wanted Democrats to be clearer about showcasing the party’s accomplishments in trying to appeal to voters.

“When you’re fired up about something, you put more into it,” she said. “We’re going in the right direction, but we need to be more vigilant about what we’re doing.”

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Meg Kinnard can be reached at http://twitter.com/MegKinnardAP


LA Man Wrongly Imprisoned for Decades Declared Innocent

By Associated Press,

LOS ANGELES (AP) — A man who spent more than 38 years behind bars for a 1983 murder he did not commit was declared innocent by a judge in Los Angeles on Wednesday.

Maurice Hastings was released from prison last year after long-untested DNA evidence pointed to a different suspect. The judge in October vacated Hastings’ conviction at the request of prosecutors with the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office and his lawyers from the Los Angeles Innocence Project.

Prosecutors and Hastings’ lawyers returned to court to ask Judge William C. Ryan to take the additional step and declare him innocent of the killing 40 years ago.

The judge’s Wednesday declaration of Hastings as “factually innocent” means the evidence proves conclusively that Hastings did not commit the crime.

“It means a lot. I’m grateful for the judge’s ruling, and the apologies — everything has been wonderful today,” Hastings said after the hearing, according to the Los Angeles Innocence Project. “I’m ready to move on with my life. I’m a happy man today.”

District Attorney George Gascón said Hastings “survived a nightmare.”

“He spent nearly four decades in prison exhausting every avenue to prove his innocence while being repeatedly denied,” Gascón said in a statement. “But Mr. Hastings has remained steadfast and faithful that one day he would hear a judge proclaim his innocence.”

Gascón said the ruling will clear Hastings’ name and pave the way for him to seek possible relief in connection with his wrongful conviction.

The victim in the case, Roberta Wydermyer, was sexually assaulted and killed by a single gunshot to the head, authorities said. Her body was found in the trunk of her vehicle in the city of Inglewood near Los Angeles.

Hastings was charged with special-circumstance murder, and the district attorney’s office sought the death penalty, but the jury deadlocked. A second jury convicted him, and he was sentenced in 1988 to life in prison without possibility of parole.

Hastings maintained he was innocent since his arrest.

At the time of the victim’s autopsy, the coroner conducted a sexual assault examination, and semen was detected in an oral swab, the district attorney’s office said in October.

Hastings sought DNA testing in 2000, but at that time, the DA’s office denied the request. Hastings submitted a claim of innocence to the DA’s Conviction Integrity Unit in 2021, and DNA testing last June found that the semen was not his.

The DNA profile was put into a state database and matched to a person who was convicted of an armed kidnapping and forced copulation of a female victim who was placed in a vehicle’s trunk. The suspect, Kenneth Packnett, died in prison in 2020, prosecutors said.

Hastings, who was 69 years old when he walked out of prison last October, told reporters at the time that he had prayed the day of his freedom would come.

“I am not standing up here a bitter man, but I just want to enjoy my life now while I have it,” Hastings said.


WHO Urges Assistance to African Nations Facing Cholera

KAMPALA, Uganda (AP) — A World Health Organization official in Africa is urging more support to countries facing cholera outbreaks, saying the disease has the potential to “quickly explode” as rainfall persists in some areas.

Dr. Patrick Otim, a WHO official monitoring emergencies, said cholera outbreaks were potentially dangerous because of the short incubation period and the involvement of contaminated water sources.

“So it’s very important that we support these countries to be able to respond at the point where the outbreaks have not become too big,” he said.

Cholera has been reported in 12 of Africa’s 54 countries. South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe are the latest to detect cases. Malawi, with hundreds of cholera deaths, faces its worst outbreak ever.

The island nation of Madagascar, the victim of two destructive cyclones this year, also faces a concerning outbreak.

Cholera is a water-borne disease. Increased rainfall in countries such as Malawi is slowing control efforts in some areas, said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the WHO regional director for Africa.

The WHO has warned that climate change could make cholera epidemics more common, as the bacteria that causes the disease can reproduce more quickly in warmer water.

So far 3.4 million doses of the oral cholera vaccine have been sent to Kenya, Congo and Mozambique, the southern African nation where cases are increasing, Moeti said.

Africa faces a shortage of the oral cholera vaccine amid global demand. Other countries facing outbreaks of cholera include Lebanon and Syria.


Jonathan Majors Flexes His Acting Muscle, turns Heavyweight

NEW YORK (AP) — The order came before he arrived. French fries and a glass of milk.

Jonathan Majors shortly after slides into a table in the back of the bar at the Chelsea Hotel in Manhattan. On the table he places a small cup off to the side. In his backpack he has pens, a notebook he writes poetry in, a clown nose, the book he’s reading (James M. Cain’s “The Postman Always Rings Twice”) and a speaker for music. He doesn’t go anywhere without Paulo Coelho’s “Warrior of the Light.”

Majors points to the cup. This one he’s had since Yale, where he attended the graduate acting program. It’s one of four he rotates, a symbol of his mother’s long-ago advice: “Don’t let anyone fill up your cup.” And those things in his backpack? Totems not unlike the lucky stones and sticks he used to gather as a kid, he says, “to keep my frequency where I want it to be.”

There’s much in Majors’ life right now buzzing at a high frequency. In the days prior to meeting a reporter, Majors had been at t he megawatt premiere of “Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania.” He was courtside at the NBA slam dunk contest, sitting near Spike Lee. After casting Majors in “Da 5 Bloods,” Lee took to calling him “Morehouse” for his character’s T-shirt. Now, Lee calls him “Big Time.”

“I woke up this morning and thought: I’m very exposed. Everything’s very exposed,” Majors says. “But there’s also a great deal of confidence because it’s like I’m ahead of it. It’s like I’m watching it in slow motion.”

To everyone else, Majors is moving very fast, indeed. After breaking through in 2019’s “The Last Black Man in San Francisco,” the 33-year-old Majors has been steadily bulking up as an actor, expanding his formidable screen presence in “Devotion,” “The Harder They Fall” and But 2023 is the year Majors turns heavyweigh “Lovecraft Country,” which earned him an Emmy nomination. t.

Majors is the new movies-spanning villain of Marvel-dom: the time-traveling supervillain Kang the Conqueror. He is Michael B. Jordan’s friend-turned-foe in “Creed III,” which opens Friday in theaters. And in Elijah Bynum’s prize-winning Sundance entry “Magazine Dreams,” Majors – in a performance that could well earn him an Academy Award nomination next year – is an amateur bodybuilder warped by childhood trauma.

Majors’ ascendance, to anyone who’s been watching, is not even a little surprising. The Texas son of a pastor, a Yale School of Drama-trained theater actor, a published poet, a classical and soulful performer, Majors is in a weight class by himself. Uncommonly sensitive as an actor, lyrical and loquacious as a person, Majors, a profound admirer of Sidney Poitier, is a rare and potent combination of serious thespian, thirsted-after hunk and devoted artist. And he’s now stepping into, as Spike said, the big time. Global, magazine-cover fame is rapidly descending.

“Though I’ve not seen the boogeyman, I know it’s out there,” Majors says, smiling. “And I’ve been around to know it’s comin’. I won’t go down my rabbit hole of death, but it’s comin’. But you outrun it. You just stay out of the frame. I’ll stay out of the frame, make my work.”

For each role this year, Majors has physically transformed himself. A diet of six meals a day and intense workouts made him a muscular mass. Yet the eye-catching metamorphosis belies the steadfast interiority of Majors’ performances. Each character – a brawny but tender trio stretching from villain to antihero – is leaden with pain. The discomfort is what attracted him to the roles, especially Killian Maddox of “Magazine Dreams.”

“I was curious if I could actually do that. Not even do it. If I was brave enough to go there for myself,” Majors says. “To feel something that’s inside of all of us, that rage, that awkwardness, that constant heartbreak that I do carry. I can’t hide from it. I have a beautiful daughter. I have a beautiful life. But there’s something inside that’s extremely unsatisfied. Extremely.”

Where Majors’ pain comes from and how it applies to his acting is something you can’t help watching him in “Magazine Dreams” (Searchlight Pictures will release it later this year) or in “Creed III,” in which he plays a man newly freed from prison after a long incarceration for a violent but justifiable crime.

Majors, who has a 9-year-old daughter, grew up poor. His family were at times briefly homeless. His father was absent for most of his life. But putting that rags-to-riches narrative — that frame — around his journey as an actor is something that doesn’t quite fit. Majors has no “insta-trauma,” he says, to fuel him.

“I have no moment in my life where I go: That’s what I pull from all the time. I was afraid of that in drama school. My dad just vanished when I was 9 years old,” Majors says. “Yeah, you’re working through that stuff. But I remember saying very clearly: What’s going to happen when I no longer have that pain? When that thought of my dad doesn’t break my heart? Because we grow up. At some point it won’t mist you. What are you going to do then?”

That doesn’t mean he doesn’t still sometimes sound haunted. “How could the best father in the world leave me? How could that happen?” says Majors. “My dad was a great guy. I have no bad memories of that man. I actually have no bad memories of my father, just his absence.”

But Majors’ focus is more outward.

“When you open up your life — any of us — to the suffering of what’s really happening, it gets deep,” he says, rattling off a list of everything from the history of slavery to the George Floyd movement to the heartache of raising a child. “All those things break your heart if you care. And I care a great deal. I don’t know the level to which other people care because I’m not in their skin. But I know the stakes are always extremely high for me. It’s always life or death.”

That, too, was Bynum’s experience working with Majors on “Magazine Dreams.” Their long talks, he says, weren’t therapy sessions. To Bynum, Majors is “a conduit for human empathy.”

“The intelligence that he has and the instincts he has an actor are one thing, and those are wonderful,” says Bynum. “But his understanding and feeling for people is really what separates him.”

“He’s a pretty singular individual and incredibly cerebral and has been that way before any sort of attention has come his way for being that way,” Bynum adds. He’s not concerned about what fame might do to Majors, but he is worried about his schedule. “Making another movie is going to be tough,” says Bynum, “because he’s locked up in Marvel Land for God knows how long.”

But there aren’t too many in the MCU who are simultaneously publishing poetry. Majors has had two poems recently in The New Republic and is planning to publish a collection soon. In some of them, you can see reflections of Majors’ character work. In “On an Aeroplane” he writes, “It becomes clear to me/ How society converts a hero/ How the villain finds virtue.”

“Writing’s interesting because it’s the subconscious made clear,” Majors says. “You can examine it. What poems warn you not to do is explain it. Not explaining it and living in the ellipses, you get infinite understanding. Yeah, writing is an integral part to my existence but also to crafting characters.”

What’s clear is that Majors’ mind is always working. Even in the background right now, in between late-show appearances and premieres, part of his focus is on his next role in an adaptation of Walter Mosley’s “The Man in My Basement.” The building of a character, Majors says, is gentle. But it’s constant.

“I actually work very slow,” he says. “I just don’t stop working. I am always working. And my body knows when it’s go-time.”

All the other stuff ultimately has no bearing on where Majors’ head is at. To explain it, he goes back to a formative moment for him, when he realized he wanted to be in actor. It was watching his theater teacher in a Dallas regional production of “The Last Days of Judas Iscariot.” It struck Majors like a thunderclap how his teacher transformed with laser-like focus into someone else on stage.

“I thought: Holy smokes. I want to do that,” says Majors. “That’s where I’m at these days. I’m not shy, but I don’t really like to be bothered. I kind of stick to my stuff. I can be out and chatting and it doesn’t take away from what I’m going to do on screen. It makes no difference.”


Communities Await First US Limits on ‘Forever Chemicals’

The Environmental Protection Agency is expected to propose restrictions on harmful “forever chemicals” in drinking water after finding they are dangerous in amounts so small as to be undetectable. But experts say removing them will cost billions, a burden that will fall hardest on small communities with few resources.

Concerned about the chemicals’ ability to weaken children’s immune systems, the EPA said last year that PFAS could cause harm at levels “much lower than previously understood.”

“We as a community of scientists and policymakers and regulators really missed the boat early on,” said Susan Pinney, director of the Center for Environmental Genetics at the University of Cincinnati.

There is also evidence the compounds are linked to low birthweight, kidney cancer and a slew of other health issues. It’s unclear what the EPA will now propose and how well it will protect people from these recently-understood harms.

PFOA and PFOS are part of a larger family of compounds called PFAS, for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, that are widespread, don’t degrade in the environment and have been around for decades. They’ve been used in nonstick pans, food packaging and firefighting foam. Their use is now mostly phased out in the U.S., but some still remain.

Water providers are preparing for tough standards and testing that will undoubtedly reveal PFOA and PFOS in communities that don’t yet know the chemicals are in their water.

“This rule would help ensure that communities are not being poisoned,” said Jonathan Kalmuss-Katz, senior attorney, toxic exposure and health at Earthjustice.

Over the last decade, an increasing number of cities and towns, often abutting manufacturing plants or Air Force bases, suddenly realized they had a problem. In 2016, for example, Sarah McKinney was on maternity leave when she got word there was too much PFOA and PFOS in the tap water in her Colorado Springs suburb. She picked up her weeks-old daughter and hustled out to buy enough bottled water for her family of five.

“If I’m just spitting it out, can I brush my teeth?” she remembers wondering.

In response to concerns from people who had been drinking the water for years, McKinney’s water utility switched to a different source, provided water bottle filling stations and installed a $2.5 million treatment system that was the first of its kind in the country, according to Lucas Hale, the water district manager. The chemicals had gottem into the water from nearby Peterson Air Force base, which then builta treatment facility.

For communities with the pollutants, it’s not a cheap problem to solve.

Nationally, it could cost roughly $38 billion to remove enough of the chemicals to meet a strict EPA rule limiting them to where they can’t be detected, according to an estimate prepared by engineering consultant Black & Veatch for the American Water Works Association, an industry group. There also will be ongoing costs for filter material and testing.

The consultant looked at federal and state test results and estimated that 4% to 12% of water providers nationally will need to treat for PFAS due to the EPA rule.

Smaller, poorer communities will have a harder time affording the new systems and training staff on how to use them, experts said. And in general, smaller water providers with fewer resources already violate water quality rules more often than utilities that serve large cities.

“Small systems often need technologies that are more simple to operate,” said Jonathan Pressman, engineer and EPA water researcher. The agency offers technical assistance to states and communities and it recently made $2 billion available to states for contaminants like PFAS.

Inside the EPA’s research facility in Cincinnati, a row of vertical, forearm-sized glass tubes were partially filled with a resin material that can remove PFAS. The work ensures the agency knows how long it will last and how much PFAS it removes. That’s important for designing treatment systems.

Last year the agency lowered its conservative, voluntary health thresholds to levels that tests can’t even detect – a fraction of a part per trillion. In 2016, it was 70 ppt. Before that, it was even higher. As the EPA recognizes the increased danger of these compounds, it will mean people who were once told their water was safe to drink will find out it actually requires treatment.

When people feel misled about the safety of their tap water, they are less likely to drink it. Instead, they tend to reach for expensive bottled water and consume sugary drinks more often, choices associated with health problems like diabetes.

“We do have challenges in this community with trust,” said Abel Moreno, the district manager of the South Adams County Water & Sewer District that serves Commerce City, an industrial stretch of Denver. Contaminants leaked from a nearby chemical manufacturing plant decades ago. Although the district built a facility to treat the contamination, it sparked long-simmering distrust in the predominantly Latino neighborhood, and questions about how long people had been exposed.

Last year, Betty Rivas was startled by a letter telling her that the drinking fountains her 8-year-old used at school weren’t safe. PFAS stories had been in the local news and the school district told families to use bottled water. It reinforced Rivas’s fears.

“With this recent PFAS issue, it’s one more reason to be certain that you shouldn’t drink the water in Commerce City,” she said.

Moreno responded that the district tested for PFAS long before the news reports, in 2018. It discovered extremely high levels in certain wells, but once the water went through the treatment plant, it didn’t surpass the EPA health advisory threshold in place at the time. Moreno’s agency closed the wells. He said the letter Rivas received was frustrating because PFAS hadn’t spiked — it had just made the news. Now, the district purchases and mixes in water from Denver to keep PFAS at undetectable levels and plans to build a treatment plant for a permanent fix.

Across the U.S., so far only local utilities and state regulators have imposed changes, not the federal government. Michigan set a drinking water limit and paid for testing. Those tests helped quickly find and fix some places with contamination and Michigan officials have said since then its limits haven’t proved too expensive.

New standards, however, will force tradeoffs, according to Chad Seidel, president of a water consultant company.

“Resources going towards addressing this are in some ways coming at a cost” of other needs, like removing dangerous lead pipes and replacing aged water mains, he said.

Kalmuss-Katz of Earthjustice said too many people are drinking contaminated water. Cost can’t be a barrier.

“The solution is to do whatever you have to do to ensure that people are not getting sick,” he said.

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Phillis reported from St. Louis.

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The Associated Press receives support from the Walton Family Foundation for coverage of water and environmental policy. The AP is solely responsible for all content. For all of AP’s environmental coverage, visit https://apnews.com/hub/climate-and-environment


Flora Mae Moore

Funeral services were held on 02/17/2023 at Memory Chapel of Anderson Ragsdale Mortuary, with a burial following at La Vista Cemetery. Final arrangements were entrusted to Anderson Ragsdale Mortuary.

Flora “Flo” Mae Moore was born on July 17, 1930, in Anaheim, California to Marie and William Randall. She attended grade school in California’s first all Black town, Allensworth.

She had one child, Rose Mary Bryant. In 1955, Flora united in marriage to Robert Moore. Flora worked with Rohr Aerospace for sixteen years prior to her retirement.

Flo was loved by all her neighbors, friends and family. She loved dancing, listening to the blues, listening to the police scanner, and traveling in her younger years. She loved to make her family laugh with the stories of her youth. Not to mention her yearly travel, sometimes multiple trips to Las Vegas to play the slots and keno. Her family would join her occasionally, especially to celebrate her birthday in her favorite place.

Flo passed on January 28, 2023. Her Mother, Father, Husband and Grandson along with a host of family and friends preceded her in death. 

Flora is survived by her daughter; Rose Mary Bryant; Stepson Cal Bryant; Grandchild Angela Jones; 7 Great-Grandchildren: Alisha Jones, Alton “Brandon” Gilbert, Arika Jones, Adrian Gilbert, Andrew Gilbert, Arik Gilbert, Angelo Gilbert; 3 Great-Grandchildren: Garry Jones, Garren Jones, Aaliyah Gilbert; Honorary Grandson Ricky Frost, who referred to her as “Miss Daisy” because she needed a ride everywhere. She loved and cherished him; Her very special honorary daughter Patricia Braxton, they went everywhere together; Honorary Granddaughter Mia Schultz, the mother to 2 of her Great-Grandsons and referred to her as “Granny”; Honorary great-granddaughters Alysia Tanner & Natasha Edwards; Honorary Son, Adrian Gilbert, who is her Great-Grandson, but was raised as her own from a young age. She also leaves behind a host of friends and family, special notice to Cousins; Roy Kinzy, Hattie Jones, Mary Abbott, Alice McBride, Carolyn Willis, Becky Landers, Nola Tillman and many more.


Sharon Thompson

Arrangements by Preferred Cremation & Burial. Funeral Services held on February 24, 2023, at Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church

Sharon Ramona Laster Thompson was born in Memphis, TN on August 1, 1962, to Cora Mae and Roland Laster.

Sharon accepted Christ at an early age. She was a member of Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church. Sharon received her elementary and secondary education in San Diego Unified School District and graduated from Morse High School in 1980. Her mother Cora Mae’s example of always seeking higher education inspired her and she studied Business Administration and one of her proudest achievements was receiving her Nursing Degree.

The first part of Sharon’s career was in corporate settings in administrative roles, but after receiving her Nursing Degree her real passion to help others culminated in her nearly thirty years in the nursing profession. “Nurse Sharon” touched many lives throughout her career for the better. She worked in many different areas that included supporting patients in Primary and Acute Care settings, Alzheimer’s and Dementia patients, High-Risk Pregnancy patients, and her most recent role in Hospice Care with Hospice of the South Coast. Sharon’s compassion and care for her patients and their families made them consider her their angel during the most difficult times of their lives.

Sharon’s family and friends were so important to her. The love that she had for them and her spirit of hospitality made everyone that entered her home feel the love. She was all about making wonderful memories that included family trips and vacations, reunions, celebrating holidays, birthdays, and weddings, and epic sister-friend get-togethers and trips. There are so many occasions that will live on forever in everyone’s hearts. Sharon was the epitome of “Winter, Spring, Summer, or Fall… All You’ve Got Do Is Call and I’ll Be There” to any family members or friends that needed her. She was there for so many to provide strength and support in whatever way was needed. Her legacy of love and light will live on!

Sharon Ramona Laster Thompson entered eternal rest on Tuesday, February 7, 2023, in San Diego.

Sharon was preceded in death by her parents and brothers, Eric Laster and Ronald Laster.

The beautiful life Sharon lived will forever be cherished and lovingly remembered by her fiancée, Michael Cloud-San Diego; son Derrick Thompson II-San Diego; daughter Sharika Thompson-San Diego; brother Rory Laster (Sandra)-Marianna, FL; sister Jacqueline Jackson-Jones (Jessica)-Houston, TX; aunt Ardelia Cagnolatti-North Hills, CA; her children’s father, Rick Thompson (Daisy)-Florence, AL; and her beloved grandchildren, nephews, nieces, god-children, cousins, and a host of dear extended family and friends.


Chiquita Ann Williams

Arrangements by Preferred Cremation & Burial. Funeral Services were held on February 18, 2023

Chiquita Ann Williams was born to Ms. Helen G. Purvis and Tommy Cooper on February 6, 1951 in Brooklyn, New York. She moved to Franklin, Virginia as an infant, and was raised by her maternal grandparents James and Helen Vaughan. She received her formal education at Hayden High School and graduated fifth in the class 1969.

Chiquita met the love of her life, Michael Williams, in the sixth grade. Michael proposed to Chiquita in their junior year of high school. Their classmates began referring to them as the “married couple.” They eventually united in holy matrimony on September 12, 1969 and relocated to San Diego shortly thereafter. That same year, Chiquita started a 35-year career with the City of San Diego. She retired in 2007 as a Plan Review Specialist in the building department.

At an early age, Chiquita accepted Jesus Christ and was baptized at the First Baptist Church in Franklin, Virginia. In 1984, she and Michael became members of New Creation Church in San Diego. She supported Michael as the minister of music for many years and was also a member of the choir, singing alto. Chiquita was a faithful servant of New Creation serving as the church treasurer as well as on the Board of Directors.

Chiquita’s personality and sweet spirit helped her to form several lifelong friendships, including Mrs. Gwen Blue who was like a sister. Her best friends were Louis and Pauline Troutman whom she met while serving at New Creation. Chiquita loved life and has been described as a woman with strong convictions.

After a long illness, Chiquita transitioned from this life on February 3, 2023. She was preceded in death by her maternal grandparents James and Helen Vaughan; parents Tommy Cooper and Ms. Helen G. Purvis. She is survived by her loving husband of fifty-four years Michael. Chiquita also leaves behind sisters Theressa Myrick, Charlotte Cooper, Jackie Cooper, and brother Reggie Cooper; godchildren Dr. Arthur L. Vaughn, Jr., Lateef Vaughn, J.R Walden, Ariana Walden and Jennifer Gary; niece Keisha Bailey (Gregg); uncles James Vaughan, Bobby Vaughan, George Thomas Vaughan (Vernice) and Makalani Dingane; aunt Shirley Vaughan. Chiquita also leaves to mourn a host of nieces, nephews, cousins, and friends.


Sharon Thompson

Arrangements by Preferred Cremation & Burial. Funeral Services held on February 24, 2023, at Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church

Sharon Ramona Laster Thompson was born in Memphis, TN on August 1, 1962, to Cora Mae and Roland Laster.

Sharon accepted Christ at an early age. She was a member of Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church. Sharon received her elementary and secondary education in San Diego Unified School District and graduated from Morse High School in 1980. Her mother Cora Mae’s example of always seeking higher education inspired her and she studied Business Administration and one of her proudest achievements was receiving her Nursing Degree. 

The first part of Sharon’s career was in corporate settings in administrative roles, but after receiving her Nursing Degree her real passion to help others culminated in her nearly thirty years in the nursing profession. “Nurse Sharon” touched many lives throughout her career for the better. She worked in many different areas that included supporting patients in Primary and Acute Care settings, Alzheimer’s and Dementia patients, High-Risk Pregnancy patients, and her most recent role in Hospice Care with Hospice of the South Coast. Sharon’s compassion and care for her patients and their families made them consider her their angel during the most difficult times of their lives.

Sharon’s family and friends were so important to her. The love that she had for them and her spirit of hospitality made everyone that entered her home feel the love. She was all about making wonderful memories that included family trips and vacations, reunions, celebrating holidays, birthdays, and weddings, and epic sister-friend get-togethers and trips. There are so many occasions that will live on forever in everyone’s hearts. Sharon was the epitome of “Winter, Spring, Summer, or Fall… All You’ve Got Do Is Call and I’ll Be There” to any family members or friends that needed her. She was there for so many to provide strength and support in whatever way was needed. Her legacy of love and light will live on!

Sharon Ramona Laster Thompson entered eternal rest on Tuesday, February 7, 2023, in San Diego.

Sharon was preceded in death by her parents and brothers, Eric Laster and Ronald Laster.

The beautiful life Sharon lived will forever be cherished and lovingly remembered by her fiancée, Michael Cloud-San Diego; son Derrick Thompson II-San Diego; daughter Sharika Thompson-San Diego; brother Rory Laster (Sandra)-Marianna, FL; sister Jacqueline Jackson-Jones (Jessica)-Houston, TX; aunt Ardelia Cagnolatti-North Hills, CA; her children’s father, Rick Thompson (Daisy)-Florence, AL; and her beloved grandchildren, nephews, nieces, god-children, cousins, and a host of dear extended family and friends.


Rachel Ann Arrington

Funeral services were held on 02/16/2023 at Bethel AME with a burial following at Mt. Hope cemetery. Final arrangements were entrusted to Anderson Ragsdale Mortuary.

Rachel Ann Arrington was born on September 9, 1970, in Tucson, AZ, to Eugene Elbert Arrington, Sr. (deceased) and Reverend Annie C. Watson. Rachel graduated in June 1988 from Gompers Preparatory Academy (formerly Gompers Charter Middle School.) She graduated from Jackson State University in 1994, with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Foreign Language, with a major in Spanish. She was employed for the last 15 years with the County of San Diego, in the Probation Department. Rachel gave her time generously to many Civic and Non-Profit Organizations, including the NAACP (San Diego Chapter), BAPAC (Black American Political Association of California), and SEIU 221.

Rachel loved God, and her church (Logan Temple AME Zion Church). She served as an officer; Missionary; YAMS Coordinator; Food Bank Coordinator; Choir Director and Class Leader. She also served in the Connectional Lay Organization. Rachel lived a servant’s life and modeled a servant’s heart. Her greatest hope was that she made a positive difference in someone’s life.

Rachel loved her little dog, Stuart Little, and frequently house-sat the neighbor’s dog, Walter. She loved her little doggie nephews, Maxx, Mocha and Benji, who she affectionately nicknamed, “Tee Tee’s Baby.” She also loved football, and anyone who knew her knew that she absolutely loved her Las Vegas Raiders. 

At approximately 11:00 am, on January 26, 2023, God, our Father, needed a wonderful saint to join Him in Heaven. He reached down to Rachel, whom he had kept in his sights for fifty-two years, and brought her home to serve with the saints.

Rachel was preceded in death by her Brother, Eugene Elbert Arrington, Jr., and her Dad, Eugene Elbert Arrington, Sr. Left to celebrate a life so graciously and lovingly lived is her cherished Mother, Reverend Annie C. Watson; Sisters: Donna Alexander and Reverend Denise Jackson; Nieces: Eugena (Gena) Wilkins, and Melanie Arrington; Great Nephew: Ajani Jack Wilkins; Great Nieces: Kaya Tannis Wilkins; Vivien Tate Johnsen; Ximena Campas; her beloved Uncle, Rev. James E. Evans; her Godmother, Rev. Carrie Humphrey; and a host of other family members and friends.


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